| 语法练习 | | | 不定式 | | | 动名词 | | | 分 词 | | | 情态动词 | | | 虚拟语气 | | | 时态 | | | 状语从句 | | | 回主页 |
虚拟语气是特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if
从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be
一般用were)，主句用would/
should/ could/ might +动词原形。
If
places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would
/ should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If
he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.
3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were
to / should +动词原形，主句用would
/ should
/could/ might +动词原形。
If
he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if
采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if
省去，
而将had
, should, were 等
词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that
5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if
从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,
or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方
式来表示。
We
didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里,
用should
+ 动词原形,
should 可以省略.
如
advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist,
order,
prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是:
suggest, advise,
demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every
day.
2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里,
用should
+ 动词原形,
should可以省略.
如
advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication,
insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It
is/was +形容词后的that
从句中用should的结构,
should 可以省略.
这类形容词常见的有:
advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting,
imperative(绝对必要),
impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible,
preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在
lest 和
for fear that( 以免)
, in case (以防)从句中用should,
should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
wish从句中:
1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,
从句用过去完成式或would,
could, might + have + 过去分词.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and
come to class.
3. 如果将wish改成wished,
其后that
从句中的动词形式不变.
4. 如果that
从句中用would
, 一般表示
对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
在
It’s time 从句中,
用过去式.
表示
“该是做什么的时候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
would rather, would sooner,
would just as soon从句中,
用过去式或过去完成式,
表示”宁愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to
the party yesterday evening.
在if
only 感叹句中,
谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
If
only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)
If only she had asked someone’s
advice.(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(将来)
as if / as though 从句中,
表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,
用过去式;
表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been
repaired.
以下情况用陈述语气
as
if / as though 句中,
如果有可能成为事实,.
He
looks as if he is going to be ill.
insist 后的从句中,
如果是坚持自己,
用陈述语气,
坚持别人做什么事情,
用虚拟语气.
she
insists that she is right.
she
insisted that I should finish the work at once.